Due to rapid growth in population
and industrialization, worldwide ethanol demand is increasing continuously.
Conventional crops such as corn and sugarcane are unable to meet the global
demand of bioethanol production due to their primary value of food and feed.
Therefore, lignocellulosic substances such as agricultural wastes are
attractive feedstocks for bioethanol production. Agricultural wastes are cost
effective, renewable and abundant. Bioethanol from agricultural waste could be
a promising technology though the process has several challenges and
limitations such as biomass transport and handling, and efficient pretreatment
methods for total delignification of lignocellulosics. Proper pretreatment
methods can increase concentrations of fermentable sugars after enzymatic
saccharification, thereby improving the efficiency of the whole process.
Conversion of glucose as well as xylose to ethanol needs some new fermentation
technologies, to make the whole process cost effective. In this review,
available technologies for bioethanol production from agricultural wastes are
discussed.
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